The Passalid Family

Passalidae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) is comprised of 700-1000 species (Boucher 2005), all of whom have similar life history traits. Passalids spend most of their lives within a discretely defined patch (a piece of coarse woody debris) and tend not to fly (Gray 1946, but see MacGown and MacGown 1996).