Cited References

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Brandmayr, P. 1992. Short Review of the Presocial Evolution in Coleoptera. Ethology Ecology & Evolution:7-16.

Gray, I. E. 1946. Observations on the life history of the Horned Passalus. American Midland Naturalist 35:728-746.

Hamilton, W. D. 1978. Evolution and diversity under bark. Pages 154-175 in L. A. Mound and N. Waloff, editors. Diversity of Insect Faunas. Blackwell, London.

MacGown, J., and M. MacGown. 1996. Observation of a nuptial flight of the horned passalus beetle, Odontotaenius disjunctus (Illiger) (Coleoptera: Passalidae). Coleopterists Bulletin 50:201-203.

Schuster, J. C. 1975. A comparative study of copulation in Passalidae (Coleoptera): new positions for beetles. The Coleopterists Bulletin 29:75-81.

Schuster, J. C., and L. B. Schuster. 1985. Social behavior in passalid beetles (Coleoptera: Passalidae): cooperative brood care. Florida Entomologist 68:266-272.

Valenzuela-Gonzalez, J. 1993. Pupal Cell-Building Behavior in Passalid Beetles (Coleoptera, Passalidae). Journal of Insect Behavior 6:33-41.